Ayush Mantra

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What Is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a chronic condition where the body is either unable to produce insulin or cannot use it effectively. Insulin is the hormone that regulates blood sugar (glucose), which is the body’s main energy source. When insulin is insufficient or ineffective, glucose accumulates in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels. This imbalance can result in various complications over time, such as heart disease, kidney damage, and nerve problems. Managing diabetes typically requires lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet and regular physical activity, to help control blood sugar levels and maintain overall health. Additionally, monitoring blood sugar levels and adhering to prescribed medications are crucial for effective management of this condition.

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Types of Diabetes

1. Type 1 Diabetes

• Autoimmune condition: The immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, which can lead to elevated blood sugar levels and, over time, may result in various health complications if not properly managed.
• Usually develops in childhood or adolescence, often becoming more apparent during these formative years when social and emotional skills are being established.
• Requires lifelong insulin therapy to manage blood glucose levels effectively and prevent complications associated with diabetes.
• Symptoms may include excessive thirst and urination, which can lead to discomfort and may indicate an underlying health issue that requires attention.
• Can lead to complications such as heart disease and nerve damage, particularly when left untreated over an extended period of time, ultimately impacting overall health and quality of life.
• Regular blood glucose monitoring is essential for maintaining optimal health, managing diabetes effectively, and preventing complications associated with unstable glucose levels.
• Dietary management is crucial to maintain blood sugar levels and ensure overall health, as it involves careful selection of foods, portion control, and balanced meal timing to prevent spikes and drops in glucose levels.
• Exercise can help improve insulin sensitivity, which is essential for regulating blood sugar levels effectively and reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the long run. Regular physical activity not only enhances metabolic function but also supports overall health and well-being.

2. Type 2 Diabetes

• Most common form (90–95% of cases).
• The body becomes insulin resistant or doesn’t produce enough insulin.
• Often develops in adulthood, but rising in younger people due to lifestyle factors.
• Associated with obesity and lack of physical activity.
• Can lead to long-term health complications if not managed properly.
• Symptoms may include increased thirst and frequent urination.
• Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure glucose levels.
• Treatment often includes lifestyle changes and, in some cases, medication.

3. Gestational Diabetes

• Occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth.
• Increases the mother’s and baby’s risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later.
• Can lead to high blood pressure during pregnancy.
• May cause excessive weight gain for the mother.
• Requires dietary management and physical exercise.
• Can be diagnosed through glucose tolerance testing.
• Associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular issues postpartum.

4. Prediabetes

• Blood sugar levels are high, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes.
• Can be reversed with lifestyle changes.
• May lead to insulin resistance if not managed.
• Regular monitoring of blood sugar is recommended.
• Involves dietary adjustments to lower sugar intake.
• Increasing physical activity can help improve levels.
• Stress management techniques may be beneficial.
• Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice.

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Causes of Diabetes

Type 1

• Genetics + autoimmune triggers (possibly viral infections).
• Not related to lifestyle.
• Environmental factors (such as pollution).
• Hormonal changes (like during puberty or pregnancy).
• Stress (can exacerbate symptoms).
• Dietary influences (certain allergens or inflammatory foods).
• Family history (genetic predispositions).
• Sleep disturbances (chronic issues may contribute).

Type 2

• Obesity and physical inactivity
• Unhealthy diet
• Family history
• Age (more common after 45)
• Ethnicity (some groups have higher risk)
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Smoking
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Stress

Gestational

• Hormonal changes during pregnancy
• Weight gain and insulin resistance
• Family history or history of prediabetes
• Gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies
• Age of the mother during pregnancy
• Ethnic background and predisposition
• Sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity
• Dietary habits and nutritional intake

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Long-Term Effects of Uncontrolled Diabetes

1. Cardiovascular Complications

• Heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke
• Hardening of arteries (atherosclerosis)

2. Nerve Damage (Neuropathy)

• Pain, tingling, or numbness in hands and feet
• Can lead to limb amputation in severe cases

3. Kidney Damage (Nephropathy)

• Can progress to kidney failure
• May require dialysis or transplant

4. Eye Damage (Retinopathy)

• Blurred vision or blindness
• Higher risk of cataracts and glaucoma

5. Skin Conditions

• Increased risk of infections, especially in feet
• Slow wound healing

6. Mental Health Impact

• Higher risk of depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline

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Diabetes Can Be Managed

Even though diabetes is a chronic condition, proper management through:

• Healthy diet
• Regular exercise
• Blood sugar monitoring
• Medication or insulin …can prevent or delay complications.

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